This Day In History, July 25th.
Five Historical Events That Happened on July 25th
Constantius Chlorus, the Roman Emperor, died in Eboracum (modern-day York) in Britain in 306 AD, and his son Constantine the Great was declared Emperor by his army.
In Westminster Abbey, London, James VI of Scotland was crowned as James I of England, commencing the Stuart monarchy over England.
During the French Revolutionary Wars, French soldiers led by Napoleon Bonaparte beat Austrians in the Battle of Rivoli in Italy in 1797.
1946: The United States conducted a nuclear test known as "Operation Crossroads" at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
Louise Brown, the world's first "test-tube baby," was born in 1978 in Oldham, England, using the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure invented by Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe.
306 AD: The Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus died at Eboracum (modern-day York) in Britain, and his son Constantine the Great was proclaimed Emperor by his troops.
Constantius Chlorus, the Roman Emperor since 305 AD, died on July 25th, 306 AD, in Eboracum (modern-day York) in Britain, while on campaign against the Picts in Scotland. His army subsequently proclaimed his son Constantine the Great Emperor, albeit it would take several years of political and military maneuvering for Constantine to consolidate his position as sole ruler of the Roman Empire. Constantine went on to become one of Roman history's most renowned and powerful emperors, recognized for his military victories, religious policies, and involvement in the Christianization of the Empire.
1603: James VI of Scotland was crowned as James I of England in Westminster Abbey, London, beginning the Stuart reign over England.
Following the death of Queen Elizabeth I in March of that year, James VI of Scotland was crowned as James I of England on July 25th, 1603, at Westminster Abbey, London. James was the first Stuart monarch to govern over England, and his crowning signaled the start of a new period in English history. During James' reign, the English and Scottish crowns were united, as well as important advances in literature, science, and politics. However, religious conflicts arose, notably the Gunpowder Plot of 1605, which attempted to murder James and establish a Catholic king on the throne.
1797: French troops under the command of Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Austrians at the Battle of Rivoli in Italy during the French Revolutionary Wars.
The Battle of Rivoli took place on January 14 and 15, 1797, between French troops led by Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces led by Baron von Alvinczy. The combat took place near the village of Rivoli Veronese in northern Italy, and the French won decisively. Despite being outnumbered, Bonaparte was able to outmaneuver and destroy the Austrian soldiers, seizing hundreds of captives and forcing the remainder to escape. The victory at Rivoli was a watershed moment in the French Revolutionary Wars, cementing Bonaparte's image as a military genius.
1946: The United States detonated an atomic bomb during a test known as "Operation Crossroads" at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean.
The United States government conducted a series of nuclear weapons tests known as "Operation Crossroads" in the summer of 1946. The experiments were conducted in Bikini Atoll, a remote island chain in the Pacific Ocean, to assess the efficiency of atomic bombs against navy warships. The United States exploded an atomic bomb dubbed "Able" over the target fleet at Bikini Atoll on July 25, 1946. The explosion created a mushroom cloud that reached 27,000 feet into the air and damaged several of the ships in the target fleet. The Bikini Atoll experiments were controversial at the time because they exposed a significant number of military personnel and civilians to radiation and generated worries about the long-term implications of nuclear weapon testing on the environment and human health.
1978: The world's first "test-tube baby," Louise Brown, was born in Oldham, England, using the in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique developed by Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe.
Louise Brown, the world's first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby, was born on July 25, 1978, in Oldham, England. Lesley and John Brown had been attempting for nine years to produce a child before turning to IVF, a process created by British scientists Robert Edwards and Patrick Steptoe. Lesley's eggs were fertilized with John's sperm in a laboratory dish, and the resultant embryos were implanted into Lesley's uterus. Louise Brown's birth was a watershed moment in reproductive medicine, paving the door for many additional improvements in fertility treatments. Today, IVF is a commonly utilized method that has assisted millions of couples worldwide in conceiving children.